Fusión conceptual y analogía

In this text it is exposed the theory of mental blending, which supposes an advance on the bipolar theory of projection. In mental blending theory they exist four different domains which interact in different alignments and blendings, unifying diverse domains and creating different reference areas in which it operates. Mental blending is here showed by interesting and clear examples and it is exposed its importance in different communicative actions.Se enuncia la teoria de la fusion conceptual que avanza sobre la teoria bipolar de la proyeccion. En la teoria de la fusion existen cuatro dominios que son objeto de diversas operaciones, algunas proyectivas y otras de mezcla y union de dominios diversos, lo que crea diferentes campos de referencia sobre los que operar. La fusion conceptual es ejemplificada a traves de claros casos y se muestra su importancia en las distintas actividades comunicativas

Invisible Meaning

Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1990), pp. 390-40

Investigating the Effects of Plant Root Exudates on PAHs Bioavailability to Soil Microorganisms in Contaminated Brownfields : Research Methodology.

As a result of heavy industrial past activities, an estimated 6,000 brownfields require remediation in Wallonia. This number rises to over 3.5 million in Europe. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent 17% of treated pollutants in Wallonia (Aldric et al., 2011). Current remediation techniques are rather expensive and technically demanding (Megharaj et al., 2011). Based on the observation that PAHs soil content decreases in the presence of plants (Cheema et al., 2010), the PhD aims at developing alternative PAHs remediation techniques in brownfields. It is articulated around three research axes. The first axis focusses on plant exudates and how they may improve PAHs bioavailability to soil microorganisms and enhance their degradation. This will be investigated by (i) characterizing several contaminated soils (physico-chemical parameters) and PAH content and factors of bioavailability, (ii) selecting a plant model and collecting root exudates, and (iii) evaluating the effects of exudates on PAHs bioavailability. The objective of the second axis is to evaluate the effects of plant exudates on PAHs degrading microorganisms by (i) comparing PAHs biodegradation in the presence/absence of exudates and (ii) assessing the potential toxic effects of exudate compounds on the microbial communities. The aim of the third axis is to study plant-pollutants interactions by (i) establishing the plant tolerance to several contamination levels and (ii) following PAHs bioavailability when facing real exudation rates, on the field

Détection automatique de la structure organisationnelle de documents à partir de marqueurs visuels et lexicaux

National audienceLa compréhension d'un texte s'opère à travers les niveaux d'information visuelle, logique et discursive, et leurs relations d'interdépendance. La majorité des travaux ayant étudié ces relations a été menée dans le cadre de la génération de textes, où les propriétés visuelles sont inférées à partir des éléments logiques et discursifs. Les travaux présentés ici adoptent une démarche inverse en proposant de générer automatiquement la structure organisationnelle du texte (structure logique) à partir de sa forme visuelle. Le principe consiste à (i) labelliser des blocs visuels par apprentissage afin d'obtenir des unités logiques et (ii) relier ces unités par des relations de coordination ou de subordination pour construire un arbre. Pour ces deux tâches, des Champs Aléatoires Conditionnels et un Maximum d'Entropie sont respectivement utilisés. Après apprentissage, les résultats aboutissent à une exactitude de 80,46% pour la labellisation et 97,23% pour la construction de l'arbre

Targeting the right parameters in PAH remediation studies

peer reviewedContaminated land burdens the economy of many countries and must be dealt with. Researchers have published thousands of documents studying and developing soil and sediment remediation treatments. Amongst the targeted pollutants are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), described as a class of persistent organic compounds, potentially harmful to ecosystems and living organisms. The present paper reviews and discusses three scientific trends that are leading current PAH-contaminated soil/sediment remediation studies and management. First, the choice of compounds that are being studied and targeted in the scientific literature is discussed, and we suggest that the classical 16 US-EPA PAH compounds might no longer be sufficient to meet current environmental challenges. Second, we discuss the choice of experimental material in remediation studies. Using bibliometric measures, we show the lack of PAH remediation trials based on co-contaminated or aged-contaminated material. Finally, the systematic use of the recently validated bioavailability measurement protocol (ISO/TS 16751) in remediation trials is discussed, and we suggest it should be implemented as a tool to improve remediation processes and management strategies

Personalized hip joint kinetics during deep squatting in young, athletic adults

The goal of this study was to report deep squat hip kinetics in young, athletic adults using a personalized numerical model solution based on inverse dynamics. Thirty-five healthy subjects underwent deep squat motion capture acquisitions and MRI scans of the lower extremities. Musculoskeletal models were personalized using each subject's lower limb anatomy. The average peak hip joint reaction force was 274 percent bodyweight. Average peak hip and knee flexion angles were 107 degrees and 112 degrees respectively. These new findings show that deep squatting kinetics in the younger population differ substantially from the previously reported in vivo data in older subjects

Investigating the Effect of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. Root Exudates on PAHs Bioremediation in an Aged-Contaminated Soil

peer reviewedPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent organic compounds of major concern that accumulate in the environment, especially soils, and require remediation. Researches to develop bioremediation and phytoremediation (alternative eco-friendly technologies) are being conducted. First, a bioaccessibility measurement protocol was adapted to a brownfield soil using Tenax® beads in order to compare PAHs bioaccessibility in soil samples. PAHs desorption kinetics were established, described by a site distribution model, and a common extraction time was calculated (48 h). Second, the role of two Fabaceae (Medicago sativa L. or Trifolium pratense L.) root exudates in enhancing PAHs bioaccessibility and biodegradation in the studied soil was evaluated during microcosms experiments (28 °C). The CO2 emissions were significantly higher in presence of T. pratense exudates; the dehydrogenase activities showed improvements of the soil microbial activity in presence of two types of root exudates compared to untreated soil samples; the PAHs residual contents decreased more in untreated samples than in the presence of T. pratense exudates; and M. sativa exudates lowered PAHs bioaccessibility but not residual contents

Core Blighty? How Journalists Define Themselves Through Metaphor

Journalism has long relied on certain core metaphors in order to express its claims to social and political usefulness. The deployment of metaphors to describe a practice that in contrast asserts its truth-telling and plain prose style is in itself interesting. Since metaphor acts as a powerful indicator of presuppositions it can be used to reify complex public discourses, reducing them to common-sense thinking. This paper will explore what metaphors have been used in association with journalism in the pages of the British Journalism Review since the closure of the News of the World. This publication was launched in 1989 in response to a previous crisis in public and professional confidence in journalism and has since then provided an intriguing insider dialogue on developments within the area. Do metaphorical articulations of the current role and image of journalism demonstrate an awareness among journalists of changes in its values or do they rather tend to reinforce more traditional attitudes to a practice under threat? Post-Leveson what can the patterning of such figurative language across articles by a wide range of prominent journalists in the UK tell us about the values and aspirations of journalists in a time when journalism is under intense scrutiny